/* SOCAL Lab — design system */
:root {
  --ink: #070b14;
  --ink-soft: #121a2e;
  --slate: #1e293b;
  --mist: #e8eefc;
  --snow: #f6f8ff;
  --accent: #2563eb;
  --accent-hot: #3b82f6;
  --glow: #60a5fa;
  --coral: #fb7185;
  --gold: #fbbf24;
  --radius-xl: 1.75rem;
  --radius-2xl: 2.25rem;
  --shadow-soft: 0 4px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
  --shadow-lift: 0 20px 50px -20px rgba(30, 64, 175, 0.35);
  --font-display: "Outfit", system-ui, sans-serif;
  --font-body: "Source Sans 3", system-ui, sans-serif;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  font-size: 107%;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }
  .mesh-hero::before,
  .float-slow,
  .pulse-ring {
    animation: none !important;
  }
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 1.125rem;
  line-height: 1.67;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--snow);
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

.font-display {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
}

/* Skip link */
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: 1rem;
  top: -100px;
  z-index: 100;
  padding: 0.6rem 1rem;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: top 0.2s;
}
.skip-link:focus {
  top: 1rem;
  outline: 2px solid #fff;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* --- Nav --- */
.site-nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.25rem;
  max-width: 1200px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
}
.site-nav__brand {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 1.42rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.site-nav__brand span {
  color: var(--accent);
}
.site-nav__links {
  display: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .site-nav__links {
    display: flex;
  }
}
.site-nav__links a {
  padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--slate);
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  transition: color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
}
.site-nav__links a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
  background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.06);
}
.site-nav__links a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
.site-nav__cta {
  display: none;
  padding: 0.55rem 1.15rem;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff !important;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent), #1d4ed8);
  border-radius: 999px;
  text-decoration: none;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.35);
  transition: transform 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .site-nav__cta {
    display: inline-flex;
  }
}
.site-nav__cta:hover {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.4);
}
.site-nav__cta:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--gold);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 2.75rem;
  height: 2.75rem;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0.75rem;
  background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.1);
  color: var(--accent);
  cursor: pointer;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .nav-toggle {
    display: none;
  }
}
.nav-toggle:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.mobile-panel {
  display: none;
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 40;
  padding: 5rem 1.5rem 2rem;
  background: rgba(7, 11, 20, 0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.mobile-panel.is-open {
  display: flex;
}
.mobile-panel a {
  padding: 1rem 1.1rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.15);
}
.mobile-panel a:hover,
.mobile-panel a:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2);
  color: #fff;
}
.mobile-panel__cta {
  margin-top: 1rem;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff !important;
  background: var(--accent);
  border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
}

/* --- Hero mesh --- */
.mesh-hero {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, #0a0f1f 0%, #0f172a 40%, #1e3a5f 100%);
  color: #f1f5f9;
  padding: clamp(3.5rem, 10vw, 6.5rem) 1.5rem clamp(4rem, 12vw, 7rem);
  text-align: center;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}
.mesh-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: -40%;
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 60% 50% at 20% 30%, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.35), transparent 50%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 50% 40% at 80% 20%, rgba(251, 113, 133, 0.18), transparent 45%),
    radial-gradient(ellipse 40% 60% at 50% 100%, rgba(251, 191, 36, 0.12), transparent 50%);
  animation: mesh-drift 18s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
  pointer-events: none;
}
@keyframes mesh-drift {
  0% {
    transform: translate(0, 0) rotate(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: translate(3%, 2%) rotate(3deg);
  }
}
.mesh-hero__inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: 52rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
}
.hero-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.35rem 1rem 0.35rem 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #bfdbfe;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  border-radius: 999px;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}
.hero-badge__dot {
  width: 0.5rem;
  height: 0.5rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: #4ade80;
  box-shadow: 0 0 12px #4ade80;
  animation: pulse-dot 2s ease-in-out infinite;
}
@keyframes pulse-dot {
  0%,
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
  50% {
    opacity: 0.5;
  }
}
.mesh-hero h1 {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 6.2vw, 3.9rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  line-height: 1.08;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 30%, #93c5fd);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}
.mesh-hero .tagline {
  margin: 0 0 1.75rem;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 36rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2.6vw, 1.42rem);
  font-weight: 400;
  color: #cbd5e1;
}
/* Outer card spans hero width; inner block is centered — avoids %width + fit-content quirks in some browsers */
.hero-card {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: min(100%, 44rem);
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
  border-radius: var(--radius-2xl);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}
.hero-card__inner {
  text-align: center;
  max-width: 38rem;
}
.hero-card strong {
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  color: #fff;
}
.hero-card .sub {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
}
.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  justify-content: center;
}
.btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  border-radius: 999px;
  text-decoration: none;
  border: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 0.15s, box-shadow 0.15s;
}
.btn:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--gold);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
.btn--primary {
  color: #0f172a;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff 0%, #e0e7ff 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 30px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}
.btn--primary:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}
.btn--ghost {
  color: #e2e8f0;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
}
.btn--ghost:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* Recruit strip */
.recruit-strip {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: -2.25rem auto 0;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff 0%, #f0f4ff 100%);
  border-radius: var(--radius-2xl);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-lift);
  border: 1px solid rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.12);
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.recruit-strip p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--slate);
}
.recruit-strip .hl {
  color: var(--accent);
}
.recruit-strip small {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #64748b;
}
@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .recruit-strip small {
    display: inline;
    width: auto;
    margin-left: 0.5rem;
  }
}

/* Sections */
.section {
  padding: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 5.5rem) 1.5rem;
}
.section--tight-top {
  padding-top: clamp(4.5rem, 10vw, 6rem);
}
.section__head {
  max-width: 40rem;
  margin: 0 auto 2.5rem;
  text-align: center;
}
.section__eyebrow {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--accent);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}
.section__title {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.95rem, 4.2vw, 2.65rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.section__lead {
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
  color: #64748b;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.wrap {
  max-width: 1120px;
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* About grid */
.about-grid {
  display: grid;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  align-items: start;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .about-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1.15fr 0.85fr;
  }
}
.prose p {
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #334155;
}
.prose p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.portrait-card {
  border-radius: var(--radius-2xl);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.25);
}
.portrait-card__img {
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.portrait-card__img img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
  display: block;
}
.portrait-card__cap {
  padding: 1.1rem 1.25rem;
  text-align: center;
  border-top: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
}
.portrait-card__cap strong {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.portrait-card__cap span {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #94a3b8;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.edu-row {
  display: flex;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding: 0.85rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}
.edu-row:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.edu-badge {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 2.75rem;
  height: 2.75rem;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 0.65rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.1);
  border-radius: 0.65rem;
}

/* Research showcase (home) */
.section--research-showcase {
  position: relative;
  padding-top: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 4.5rem);
  padding-bottom: clamp(3.5rem, 8vw, 5rem);
  background:
    radial-gradient(ellipse 100% 80% at 50% -20%, rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.09), transparent 55%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fafc 0%, #fff 45%, #f1f5f9 100%);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.15);
}
.section--research-showcase::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.08) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 48px 48px;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 30%, transparent 95%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.pillars--fancy {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.15rem;
}
@media (min-width: 760px) {
  .pillars--fancy {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 1.25rem;
  }
}

.pillar-card {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 1.35rem 1.35rem 1.45rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  border-radius: 1.25rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226, 232, 240, 0.95);
  text-decoration: none;
  color: inherit;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.04);
  transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease, border-color 0.2s;
}
.pillar-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  top: 0;
  height: 3px;
  border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--pillar-line, var(--accent)), transparent 85%);
  opacity: 0.95;
}
.pillar-card--fl {
  --pillar-line: #3b82f6;
  --pillar-icon-bg: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12);
  --pillar-icon: #1d4ed8;
}
.pillar-card--ir {
  --pillar-line: #8b5cf6;
  --pillar-icon-bg: rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.14);
  --pillar-icon: #6d28d9;
}
.pillar-card--gov {
  --pillar-line: #ec4899;
  --pillar-icon-bg: rgba(236, 72, 153, 0.12);
  --pillar-icon: #be185d;
}
.pillar-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-5px);
  box-shadow: 0 22px 50px -20px rgba(30, 64, 175, 0.22);
  border-color: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.35);
}
.pillar-card:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
.pillar-card__index {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.85rem;
  right: 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 2.35rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  line-height: 1;
  letter-spacing: -0.04em;
  color: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.22);
  user-select: none;
}
.pillar-card__icon-wrap {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 3rem;
  height: 3rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 0.85rem;
  background: var(--pillar-icon-bg);
  color: var(--pillar-icon);
}
.pillar-card__svg {
  width: 1.45rem;
  height: 1.45rem;
}
.pillar-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 0.4rem;
  padding-right: 2.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.14rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--ink);
}
.pillar-card p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  color: #64748b;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.pillar-card__more {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.83rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--pillar-icon);
}

/* Publications */
.section--pubs {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #fff 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
  border-top: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.pub-year {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: #94a3b8;
  margin: 2rem 0 1rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
}
.pub-year:first-child {
  margin-top: 0;
}
.pub-item {
  padding: 1.15rem 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  background: #fff;
  border-radius: 1rem;
  border: 1px solid #e8eef4;
  transition: box-shadow 0.2s, border-color 0.2s;
}
.pub-item:hover {
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
  border-color: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.2);
}
.pub-meta {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
.if-badge {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.15rem 0.5rem;
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #92400e;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef3c7, #fde68a);
  border-radius: 0.35rem;
}
.venue {
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-style: italic;
  color: #64748b;
}
.pub-title {
  margin: 0;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.06rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.pub-authors {
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0;
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  color: #64748b;
}
.subsec-title {
  margin: 2.5rem 0 1rem;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.scholar-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  margin-top: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.35rem;
}
.scholar-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.scholar-link:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
}

/* Join */
.section--join {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f0f4ff 0%, #e8eefc 50%, #f6f8ff 100%);
}
.join-shell {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 2.5rem;
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 25px 60px -25px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.35);
  border: 1px solid rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.12);
}
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .join-shell {
    grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 0.8fr;
  }
}
.join-main {
  padding: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.25rem);
}
.join-aside {
  padding: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  background: linear-gradient(160deg, #1e3a8a 0%, #0f172a 55%, #172554 100%);
  color: #e2e8f0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.join-aside::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(circle at 30% 20%, rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.25), transparent 50%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.join-aside > * {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
.join-list {
  list-style: none;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.join-list li {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0.85rem;
  padding: 1rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f5f9;
}
.join-list li:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}
.join-list .check {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 1.65rem;
  height: 1.65rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.1);
  color: var(--accent);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 800;
}
.join-list strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}
.join-list span {
  font-size: 0.93rem;
  color: #64748b;
}
.join-list .ko {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
}

.btn-mail {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 280px;
  margin: 1.25rem auto 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #0f172a !important;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef08a, #fbbf24);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(251, 191, 36, 0.35);
  transition: transform 0.15s;
}
.btn-mail:hover {
  transform: scale(1.02);
}
.btn-mail:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid #fff;
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

/* Footer */
.site-footer {
  padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: #64748b;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #94a3b8;
}
.site-footer a {
  color: #cbd5e1;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.site-footer a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--glow);
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
}

/* Research page dark */
body.theme-dark {
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #e2e8f0;
}
.theme-dark .site-nav {
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.85);
  border-bottom-color: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.12);
}
.theme-dark .site-nav__brand {
  color: #f1f5f9;
}
.theme-dark .site-nav__links a {
  color: #cbd5e1;
}
.theme-dark .site-nav__links a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
}
.theme-dark .nav-toggle {
  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2);
  color: #93c5fd;
}
.theme-dark .section__title {
  color: #f1f5f9;
}
.theme-dark .section__lead {
  color: #94a3b8;
}
.theme-dark .site-footer {
  background: #020617;
}

.research-hero {
  position: relative;
  padding: clamp(3rem, 8vw, 4.5rem) 1.5rem;
  text-align: center;
  background: linear-gradient(165deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e293b 50%, #0f172a 100%);
  color: #f1f5f9;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.research-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse 80% 60% at 50% 0%, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.2), transparent 60%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.research-hero .inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: 44rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.research-hero h1 {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(2.15rem, 5.2vw, 3.15rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}
.research-hero p {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-block {
  padding: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 4.5rem) 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.1);
}
.research-block.alt {
  background: rgba(30, 41, 59, 0.5);
}
.research-grid {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: center;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .research-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
  }
  .research-grid.flip .research-grid__text {
    order: 2;
  }
  .research-grid.flip .research-grid__media {
    order: 1;
  }
}
.research-grid__media img {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: var(--radius-2xl);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.15);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}
.pillar-label {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #93c5fd;
  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
  border-radius: 999px;
}
.research-block h2 {
  margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: clamp(1.58rem, 3.1vw, 1.95rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #f8fafc;
}
.research-block .body {
  margin: 0 0 1.25rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
}
.featured-pub {
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.15);
  border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
}
.featured-pub .label {
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #64748b;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
.featured-pub .title {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #e2e8f0;
}
.featured-pub .venue {
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  color: #64748b;
  font-style: italic;
}
.tag-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.tag-row span {
  padding: 0.35rem 0.65rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-family: ui-monospace, monospace;
  color: #94a3b8;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.12);
}

/* ——— Research page (lux) ——— */
#theme-fl,
#theme-ir,
#theme-align {
  scroll-margin-top: 8rem;
}

.research-hero--lux {
  padding: clamp(3.5rem, 10vw, 5.5rem) 1.5rem clamp(3rem, 8vw, 4.25rem);
  position: relative;
}
.research-hero__grid {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  opacity: 0.45;
  background-image: linear-gradient(rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.06) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.06) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 56px 56px;
  mask-image: radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 70% at 50% 0%, #000 20%, transparent 75%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.research-hero__kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #64748b;
}
.research-hero__title {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(2.28rem, 5.7vw, 3.4rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc 0%, #cbd5e1 40%, #93c5fd 100%);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}
.research-hero__deck {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 38rem;
  font-size: 1.14rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: #94a3b8;
}
.research-hero__shine {
  position: absolute;
  left: 50%;
  bottom: -30%;
  z-index: 0;
  width: 120%;
  max-width: 900px;
  height: 55%;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse at center, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.18), transparent 65%);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.research-hero--lux .inner {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.research-pill-nav {
  position: sticky;
  top: 3.85rem;
  z-index: 35;
  padding: 0.65rem 1rem;
  background: rgba(7, 11, 20, 0.75);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.1);
}
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .research-pill-nav {
    top: 3.85rem;
  }
}
.research-pill-nav__inner {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}
.research-pill-nav a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.15);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.03);
  transition: color 0.2s, border-color 0.2s, background 0.2s, transform 0.15s;
}
.research-pill-nav a:hover {
  color: #fff;
  border-color: rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.45);
  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.12);
  transform: translateY(-1px);
}
.research-pill-nav a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid #60a5fa;
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
.research-pill-nav .num {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: #60a5fa;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.research-block--lux {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.research-block__glow {
  position: absolute;
  width: 420px;
  height: 420px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  filter: blur(80px);
  opacity: 0.22;
  pointer-events: none;
}
.research-block__glow--blue {
  top: -120px;
  right: -100px;
  background: #3b82f6;
}
.research-block__glow--violet {
  top: -80px;
  left: -120px;
  background: #8b5cf6;
}
.research-block__glow--rose {
  bottom: -140px;
  right: -80px;
  background: #ec4899;
}

.research-grid--lux {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .research-grid--lux {
    gap: 3.25rem;
  }
}

.research-frame {
  position: relative;
  padding: 0.55rem;
  border-radius: calc(var(--radius-2xl) + 6px);
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(147, 197, 253, 0.35), rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.92) 42%, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.98));
  box-shadow:
    0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07),
    0 28px 60px -20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55);
}
.research-frame--blue {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(147, 197, 253, 0.38), rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.92) 45%, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.98));
}
.research-frame--violet {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(196, 181, 253, 0.36), rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.92) 45%, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.98));
}
.research-frame--rose {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(251, 207, 232, 0.32), rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.92) 45%, rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.98));
}
.research-frame img {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: var(--radius-2xl);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.14);
}

.research-quote {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  padding: 0.65rem 0 0.65rem 1.1rem;
  border-left: 3px solid #60a5fa;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: #e2e8f0;
}

.featured-pub--lux {
  background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02));
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.18);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 40px -24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

.tag-row--lux span {
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.6);
  border-color: rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.2);
  box-shadow: 0 0 20px -8px rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.25);
}

/* Tone down legacy image rule when inside .research-frame */
.research-frame img {
  box-shadow: none;
}
.research-grid__media .research-frame img {
  box-shadow: 0 16px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
}

.research-block--lux h2.font-display {
  color: #f8fafc;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

/* Research page — theme sections (visuals) */
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .research-grid--lux .research-grid__media,
  .research-grid--lux .research-grid__text {
    align-self: center;
  }
}

.research-block--lux .research-grid__text {
  padding: 1.35rem 1.35rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 1.35rem;
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.45);
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.1);
  box-shadow: 0 24px 50px -35px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.65);
}
@media (min-width: 900px) {
  .research-block--lux .research-grid__text {
    padding: 1.6rem 1.85rem 1.75rem;
  }
}

.research-block--lux.alt .research-grid__text {
  background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35);
}

#theme-fl .research-quote {
  border-left-color: #38bdf8;
}
#theme-ir .research-quote {
  border-left-color: #a78bfa;
}
#theme-align .research-quote {
  border-left-color: #fb7185;
}

#theme-fl .pillar-label {
  color: #7dd3fc;
  background: rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.12);
}
#theme-ir .pillar-label {
  color: #c4b5fd;
  background: rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.12);
}
#theme-align .pillar-label {
  color: #fda4af;
  background: rgba(251, 113, 133, 0.1);
}

.research-frame {
  transition: transform 0.35s ease, box-shadow 0.35s ease;
}
.research-frame::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0.65rem;
  left: 12%;
  right: 12%;
  height: 1px;
  z-index: 2;
  border-radius: 1px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28), transparent);
  pointer-events: none;
}
.research-block--lux:hover .research-frame {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow:
    0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.09),
    0 32px 64px -22px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .research-block--lux:hover .research-frame {
    transform: none;
  }
}

.featured-pub--lux {
  position: relative;
  padding-top: 1.15rem;
  border-radius: 1.1rem;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.featured-pub--lux::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.5), transparent);
  opacity: 0.85;
}
#theme-ir .featured-pub--lux::before {
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.55), transparent);
}

.tag-row--lux {
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}
.tag-row--lux span {
  border-radius: 0.65rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* Inline research diagrams (SVG, git-style motion) */
.sr-only {
  position: absolute;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: -1px;
  overflow: hidden;
  clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
  white-space: nowrap;
  border: 0;
}

.research-svg-figure {
  margin: 0;
  width: 100%;
}
.research-svg-figure svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  max-height: 300px;
}

.research-path-tail {
  fill: none;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-dasharray: 5 8;
  opacity: 0.85;
}

@keyframes research-line-draw {
  to {
    stroke-dashoffset: 0;
  }
}

.research-line {
  fill: none;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-dasharray: 420;
  stroke-dashoffset: 420;
  animation: research-line-draw 1.75s cubic-bezier(0.33, 1, 0.68, 1) forwards;
}

.research-line--accent {
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 6px rgba(56, 189, 248, 0.35));
}
.research-line--accent-ir {
  stroke-width: 2.6;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 5px rgba(167, 139, 250, 0.35));
}
.research-line--accent-gov {
  stroke-width: 2.8;
  filter: drop-shadow(0 0 6px rgba(251, 113, 133, 0.35));
}

@keyframes research-node-in {
  to {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

.research-node {
  opacity: 0;
  animation: research-node-in 0.45s ease forwards;
}

@keyframes research-pulse-ring {
  0%,
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
  50% {
    opacity: 0.52;
  }
}

.research-node.research-node--pulse {
  animation:
    research-node-in 0.5s ease forwards,
    research-pulse-ring 2.3s ease-in-out 1.35s infinite;
}

@keyframes research-flow-dash {
  to {
    stroke-dashoffset: -200;
  }
}

.research-flow {
  fill: none;
  pointer-events: none;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  stroke-width: 2.5;
  opacity: 0.42;
  stroke-dasharray: 10 18;
  stroke-dashoffset: 0;
  animation: research-flow-dash 2.6s linear infinite;
}

.research-flow--fl {
  stroke: #38bdf8;
}
.research-flow--ir {
  stroke: #d8b4fe;
}
.research-flow--gov {
  stroke: #fda4af;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .research-line {
    stroke-dasharray: none;
    stroke-dashoffset: 0;
    animation: none;
  }
  .research-flow {
    animation: none;
    opacity: 0.25;
  }
  .research-node,
  .research-node.research-node--pulse {
    opacity: 1;
    animation: none;
  }
}

/* Prospective students (prospective.html) */
.site-nav__links a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: var(--accent);
  background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.08);
}
.mobile-panel a[aria-current="page"] {
  color: #fff;
  background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.35);
}
.prospect-hero {
  position: relative;
  padding: clamp(3.25rem, 8vw, 4.75rem) 1.5rem clamp(2.75rem, 6vw, 3.5rem);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fafc 0%, #eef2ff 42%, #f1f5f9 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.35);
}
.prospect-hero__kicker {
  margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #64748b;
}
.prospect-hero__title {
  margin: 0 0 1rem;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3rem);
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  color: #0f172a;
  line-height: 1.12;
}
.prospect-hero__deck {
  margin: 0 auto;
  max-width: 38rem;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
  color: #475569;
}
.prospect-subh {
  margin-top: 1.35rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #0f172a;
}
.prospect-subh:first-of-type {
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}
.prospect-figures {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}
.prospect-figure {
  margin: 0;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-inline: auto;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.35);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  padding: 0.75rem 0.75rem 1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}
.prospect-figure__trigger {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0.65rem;
  background: transparent;
  cursor: zoom-in;
  line-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.prospect-figure__trigger:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}
.prospect-figure__trigger img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.prospect-figure figcaption {
  margin-top: 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  color: #64748b;
}
.prospect-figure__hint {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 0.35rem;
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
}
.prospect-handout {
  max-width: 900px;
  margin: 2rem auto 0;
  padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
  text-align: center;
  background: #fff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.35);
  border-radius: 1rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}
.prospect-handout__link {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.prospect-handout__link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.prospect-handout__link:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 0.25rem;
}
.prospect-handout__meta {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-left: 0.25rem;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #94a3b8;
}
.prospect-lightbox {
  padding: 0;
  border: none;
  max-width: none;
  max-height: none;
  width: 100vw;
  height: 100vh;
  background: rgba(7, 11, 20, 0.88);
}
.prospect-lightbox::backdrop {
  background: rgba(7, 11, 20, 0.65);
}
.prospect-lightbox__panel {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  padding: 3rem 1rem 1.5rem;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
.prospect-lightbox__img {
  max-width: min(96vw, 1400px);
  max-height: 88vh;
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 0.5rem;
  box-shadow: 0 24px 80px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}
.prospect-lightbox__close {
  position: absolute;
  top: 1rem;
  right: 1rem;
  z-index: 2;
  width: 2.75rem;
  height: 2.75rem;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0.65rem;
  font-size: 1.75rem;
  line-height: 1;
  font-weight: 300;
  color: #f1f5f9;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  cursor: pointer;
}
.prospect-lightbox__close:hover {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
}
.prospect-lightbox__close:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--glow);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}
.prospect-expect-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
  color: #334155;
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.prospect-expect-list li {
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}
.prospect-expect-list li:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.prospect-topic-list {
  margin: 0.35rem 0 0;
  padding-left: 1.15rem;
  color: #334155;
  line-height: 1.55;
}
.prospect-topic-list li {
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}